Which of the following best describes food irradiation?

The best description of food irradiation is the use of ionizing radiation to kill pathogens. This process involves exposing food to controlled amounts of radiation, which can effectively eliminate harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause foodborne illnesses. By reducing these pathogens, food irradiation helps to enhance the safety and shelf life of various food products, making them safer for consumption.

Irradiation can also delay ripening and spoilage in some fruits and vegetables, but its primary purpose is to reduce food safety risks. Other methods such as freezing, frying, or cooking do not utilize radiation and serve different purposes in food preparation. The focus on pathogen control through ionizing radiation distinguishes this process significantly in food safety and preservation.